A survey of techniques for improving the calibration of high-power network analyzers

High-power RF components are typically characterized by using a linear or nonlinear vector network analyzer which has been modified to operate at high power levels. These test systems can be difficult to calibrate since they may include high-power pre-amps or large attenuators, resulting in compression and noise concerns. Before calibrating such a system it is prudent to review over-power limits and address test set stability issues. Next, three types of calibration are discussed: S-parameter, power, and relative phase. Techniques described for optimizing these calibrations include setting ideal power levels, avoiding compression, noise reduction, adapter removal, de-embedding of test set modifications and a simplified power calibration sequence.