3D Marking menu selection with freehand gestures

A controlled experiment was performed to evaluate the usability of freehand gestural target selection with different 3D marking menu layouts and target directions. We found that a rectangular layout was faster than an octagonal layout, with no significant increase in errors, and that our right-handed participants preferred to select to the right and forwards in a 3D marking menu. We propose an improved design for 3D marking menus based on our findings. The experimental results also suggest that designers should consider carefully whether or not findings from similar interaction techniques using hands-on devices can be carried over to the design of freehand gestural interaction.