Notice of RetractionComputational fluid dynamics in drag reduction of streamline bodies using natural boundary layer transition criterion

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

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Drag reduction on streamline bodies is attained by extending the laminar flow domain; if the position of the maximum body radius can be located as far aft as possible, it may lead to a favorite pressure gradient in a long distance on the body surface so that the transition occurs farther downstream and the flow stays laminar. In this study the aerodynamics calculation of flow field around the body of revolution is improved to get more accurate drag coefficient. An effective numerical calculation called the Finite Volume Method is considered to solve the laminar and turbulent, axisymmetric boundary layer equations for streamline hulls. For the laminar to turbulent transition locations, the linear stability analysis is applied to predict the natural transition location and to achieve the laminar flow extension. A powerful optimization procedure called Genetic Algorithms (GA) has been combined with the areodynamics calculation to find the optimal shape with minimum drag coefficient. The results were compared with those obtained from integral method and also experimental results and indicate a good agreement. The calculate drag coefficient in this study shows satisfactory agreement with results of Luts and Wagner and also the experimental results. It is concluded that for the purpose of the shape optimization of streamline bodies, the Finite Volume Method which is an accurate aerodynamics calculation method is required. It is also found that the natural transition criterion is an essential approach to indicate the co- rect transition location for various ranges of Reynolds number, and enables us to obtain the body shape with the extended laminar flow.