Bond graph modeling of an over-actuated intelligent autonomous vehicle with decoupled steering wheel

This article deals with modeling of an intelligent autonomous vehicle with four traction wheels, four braking wheels and four-wheel steering system. The bond graph model of the integrated vehicle dynamic system is developed in a modular and hierarchical modeling environment. The Ackerman steering concept was used in the steering motor controller. Simulation results show the advantages of four-wheel steering during tight maneuvers.