A reduced order electrolyte enhanced single particle lithium ion cell model for hybrid vehicle applications

Low order, explicit models of lithium ion cells are critical for real-time battery management system (BMS) applications. This paper presents a linearized 7^th order, electrolyte enhanced single particle model (ESPM) in an explicit impedance transfer function format with electrolyte diffusion effect. The impedance transfer function coefficients are explicit in terms of the model parameters, simplifying the implementation of temperature dependence in the ESPM (ESPM-T). The models are compared with a commercially available finite volume based model and results show accurate matching of pulse responses over a wide range of temperature and C-rates.