A New Fault-Tolerant Wormhole Routing Scheme in Tori with Convex Faults

In this paper, we present a fault-tolerant wormhole routing scheme, called two-level-turn-model scheme, in the tori with revised convex faults. Our routing scheme is based on the turn model, which itself could tolerate some faulty nodes for some messages. Based on the fault-tolerant properties of the turn model, two patterns of the turn model are complementary to tolerate the faults in our solution. With a few limits to the location of the faults, only four virtual channels, each pair for each pattern of the turn model, are sufficient to avoid the deadlock no matter whether the fault regions are disjointed or overlapped.