A hybrid dynamic system model for the assessment of transportation electrification

In recent years, the electrification of transport has emerged as a trend to support energy efficiency and CO₂ emissions reduction targets. The true success, however, of this trend depends on the successful integration of electric vehicles on the infrastructure systems that support them. Left unmanaged electric vehicles may suffer from delays due to charging or cause destabilizing charging loads on the electrical grid. While many works have sought to mitigate these effects with advanced functionality such as coordinated charging, vehicle-to-grid stabilization, and charging queue management, few works have assessed these impacts as a holistic transportation-electricity nexus. Furthermore, rigorous dynamic system mathematical models that couple the kinematic and electrical states have yet to be developed holistically. This paper develops such a model in the hopes of its application by EV fleet operators to not just assess but also improve their operations & control. The hybrid dynamic system model is composed of a marked petri-net model superimposed on the continuous time kinematic and electrical state evolution. The application of the model is demonstrated on an illustrative example of modest size and sufficient functional heterogeneity.