Analog CMOS charge model for molecular redox electron-transfer reactions and bio-chemical pathways

Oxidation and reduction (Redox) reactions are known to constitute an electron transfer chain in many biochemical pathways in living organisms (systems). Mathematical modeling of these bio-chemical pathways is of growing focus in the emerging area of systems biology. In this brief paper an effort is made to develop a CMOS integrated circuit model for the electron transfer chain in the biochemical pathway of bio-cellular mitochondrial respiration. Integrated circuit models for protons (H+), neutral oxygen, reduced oxygen (oxygen an-ion), water (H₂O) molecule formation, oxidation and reduction of molecules has been developed in the process. This new technique compares favorably to other mathematical modeling efforts in systems biology for signaling and metabolic pathways in bio-cells.