Spectrum sensing using single-radio switched-beam antenna systems

The paper describes spectrum sensing using single-radio switched-beam arrays with reactance-loaded parasitic elements. At a given frequency, the antenna´s loading conditions (reactive loads) are optimized for maximum average beamforming gain in the beampattern look direction. Circular permutations of the reactive loads rotate the narrowband beampattern to different angular positions dividing the whole space around the cognitive receiver into several angular subspaces. The beampattern directionality leverages the performance of spectrum sensing algorithms like the energy detection by enhancing the receive signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, the selection combining across the weakly correlated beampatterns gives rise to a diversity action further boosting the probability of detection.