Analysis of Interconnection Networks and Mismatch in the Nose-to-Nose Calibration

We analyze the input networks of the samplers used in the nose-to-nose calibration method. Our model demonstrates that the required input network conditions are satisfied in this method and shows the interconnection errors are limited to measurement uncertainties of input reflection coefficients and adapter S-parameters utilized during the calibration procedure. Further, the input network model fully includes the effects of mismatch reflections, and we use the model to reconcile nose-to-nose waveform correction methods with traditional signal power measurement techniques.