Title :
Implantable Stimulator Failures: Causes, Outcomes, and Solutions
Author :
Xiao Liu ; Demosthenous, A. ; Donaldson, N.
Author_Institution :
Univ. Coll. London, London
Abstract :
Current designs of implantable stimulators for neuroprostheses exploit trade-offs in power consumption, functionality, volume, selectivity and ease of use. However, no stimulator design should compromise reliability or safety. In this paper, we consider the common failures in implantable stimulators, their causes, outcomes and solutions. A new coding scheme, Manchester non-return-to-zero code, is proposed to format the cable signal in order to avoid prolonged DC current between cable exposures. Thus, in the event of cable failure, the bidirectional charge-balanced current between cable exposures maintains the nearby tissue in safe condition.
Keywords :
bioelectric phenomena; encoding; medical signal processing; neurophysiology; prosthetics; reliability; Manchester non-return-to-zero code; bidirectional charge balanced current; cable failure; cable signal formatting; coding scheme; implantable stimulator failure; implantable stimulator reliability; implantable stimulator safety; neuroprostheses; Bladder; Cables; Conductors; Connectors; Educational institutions; Electrodes; Energy consumption; Implants; Safety; Solids; Data Compression; Electric Power Supplies; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure; Equipment Failure Analysis; Equipment Safety; Prostheses and Implants; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Telemetry;
Conference_Titel :
Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007. 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE
Conference_Location :
Lyon
Print_ISBN :
978-1-4244-0787-3
DOI :
10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4353662
