Optimizing Multiband Antennas Using Simulated Annealing

The increasing demand for wireless communication services makes it necessary to use several frequency bands with a single device such as a mobile phone or a laptop computer. Consequently, antenna functionalities must be available in the various frequency bands and the ideal case is to have a single multiband antenna, which works at the desired frequencies. The design of multiband antennas is a challenging problem and in this work, simulated annealing is used as a powerful optimization method, which controls the design flow of such antennas. In order to evaluate the antenna characteristics of the various antenna realizations within the design process, a powerful integral equation technique accelerated by the multilevel fast multipole method is used.