Land surface hydrology: Interoperability among LSMs, with alternative data sources; with water management needs

1. Land hydrology modeling has made significant advances in process representation, computational resources, and data availability. Current models are based on 1990´s strategies and an effort is needed to upgrade processes and numerics. 2. Interoperability between LSM and water management: models are needed at the O(10²-10³)m scale. 3. Interoperability between LSM and data: In-situ data is a huge problem outside the US, especially in near-real time. Remote sensing data (retrievals) are available for almost all water cycle variables, many art high resolution, but again real-time availability a challenge. 4. Interoperability between LSM and data: Data assimilation is a well developed tool but requires good models and data.