Title : 
Multidimensional humming transcription using a statistical approach for query by humming systems
         
        
            Author : 
Shih, Hsuan-Huei ; Narayanan, Shrikanth S. ; Kuo, C. C Jay
         
        
            Author_Institution : 
Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
         
        
        
        
        
            Abstract : 
A new statistical pattern recognition approach applied to human humming transcription is proposed in this research. A music note has two important attributes, i.e. pitch and duration. The proposed algorithm generates multidimensional humming transcriptions, which contain both pitch and duration information. Query by humming provides a natural means for content-based retrieval from music databases, and this research provides a robust front-end for such application. The segment of a note in the humming waveform is modeled by a hidden Markov model (HMM) while the pitch of the note is modeled by a pitch model using a Gaussian mixture model. Preliminary real-time recognition experiments are carried out with models trained by data obtained from eight human objects, and an overall correct recognition rate of around 80% is demonstrated.
         
        
            Keywords : 
Gaussian processes; content-based retrieval; hidden Markov models; learning (artificial intelligence); speech recognition; statistical analysis; Gaussian mixture model; content-based retrieval; duration information; hidden Markov model; human humming transcription; humming systems; humming waveform; multidimensional humming transcription; music databases; music note; pitch information; pitch model; real-time recognition; statistical pattern recognition; Content based retrieval; Decoding; Hidden Markov models; Humans; Indexing; Multidimensional systems; Multimedia databases; Music information retrieval; Robustness; Signal processing algorithms;
         
        
        
        
            Conference_Titel : 
Multimedia and Expo, 2003. ICME '03. Proceedings. 2003 International Conference on
         
        
            Print_ISBN : 
0-7803-7965-9
         
        
        
            DOI : 
10.1109/ICME.2003.1221329