A neural network based back error propagation relay algorithm for distribution system high impedance fault detection

The paper presents a novel FFT based relaying scheme for electric utility-radial distribution high-impedance fault detection. The scheme utilizes a multi-layer feedforward neural network as a fault classifier that maps the discriminant harmonic vector of the three phase residual voltage, current and power magnitudes and phases into fault logic 1 detection. The scheme utilizes only low order harmonics, namely second, third and fifth of the residual voltage, current and power at the substation feeder transformer secondary side