3-D knee cartilage segmentation using a smoothing B-Spline active surface

We present an adaptive solution for guinea pig knee cartilage segmentation using a 3-D smoothing B-Spline active surface. An adaptive parametric combination of edge-based forces and balloon force solves the problem of capture range of external forces. The comparison between the results of the experiments using this method and previous 3-D validated snake segmentation shows that the accuracy and robustness are improved.