Diversity of transmission system operators for Grid Integrated Vehicles

A modular framework is used to analyze how Grid Integrated Vehicles (GIVs), i.e. bi-directional plug-in electric vehicles that are able to modulate their charging rate and have bi-directional capabilities, could be managed efficiently to deliver valuable grid services for transmission operators and conversely, how these new services could be set aside by the design of the current rules in some regions. Based on a detailed analysis of the rules implemented by some representative TSOs, we discern two modules that gather the essential rules for GIV development: the rules towards aggregation of EVs, and the rules defining the payment scheme of the services provided by GIVs. We deduce an optimal combination among these rules that could define the ideal organization for GIVs. At last, we confront this ideal TSO organization with ENTSOE guidelines.