A tri-band low-profile antenna based on a high-impedance surface

In this paper the authors propose to combine the conventional design of a horizontal antenna over a high impedance surface with the novel design from the works of Luukkonen et al. (2010), with the goal to effectively utilize all available radiation mechanisms and create a multi-frequency low profile antenna. In this approach, the antenna and the high-impedance surface was considered as a coupled network. It was shown in this paper that by considering the antenna structure as a system of coupled resonators, several resonant bands for the antenna may be obtained.