ES1: Beyond CMOS - emerging technologies

CMOS integrated circuits represent an enormously successful electronics paradigm, which has made possible today´s personal computers and cellular phones. While the hegemony of CMOS integrated circuits in computation and information processing will undoubtedly last into the foreseeable future, researchers from many areas of science and technology have been seeking alternative or complementary solid-state circuit technologies using new physical devices. There also have been pursuits to take CMOS integrated circuits outside their traditional application spaces and use them for new applications. For example: exploitation of electron spins instead of electron charges may pave a new way of information processing; use of ballistic electron motions in vacuum in a solid-state platform and collective electron motions in one dimensional conductors may enable Terahertz electronics; organic integrated circuits have emerged as a means to realize printable, flexible, and wearable electronics; silicon chips directly interfaced with biological samples or living organisms can perform electrical disease screening and genetic analysis, and can be also used for fundamental study of nervous systems.