Method of the water-soluble polyaniline synthesis

Summary form only given. The method of synthesis of the water-soluble polyaniline in the presence of sulphonic acid with bulk substituent was developed. Depending on acid quantity, it was possible to obtain both soluble and insoluble polymers. The reaction was explored by UV-vis and ESR spectroscopy. New two-stage mechanism of polyaniline formation is suggested. At the first stage aniline is oxidized giving pernigraniline oligomers. At the second one they interact between each other leading to emeraldine salt. Samples of polyaniline were characterized by various methods. New hypothesis on the nature of defects in polyaniline is discussed. The criteria of the defect content in emeraldine salt (ES) can be as following: the bipolaron formation in ES and the existence of amorphous phase in emeraldine bass and ES.