Management and control systems for large scale integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical networks

This paper presents a general overview about the system operation, management and control following a large scale integration of renewable energy sources, focusing in particular the wind generation, both onshore and offshore. Regarding the operation of distribution networks, the integration of renewable energy sources and other distributed generation systems requires the adoption of active control and management structures. These structures will contribute to extend intelligence from the transmission to the distribution networks, aiming to change the operation paradigm from passive towards the smart grids vision for European networks of energy. The MicroGrid concept plays a key role in this context and has been exploited in order to support the progressive integration of electric vehicles, trying to avoid grid reinforcements.