Bulk current injection (BCI): its past, present and future (?) in aerospace

Bulk current injection (BCI) testing has been used as an immunity test in EMC standards for over 20 years. The technique has proved to be a very effective tool in diagnosing problem areas and assessing hardening techniques. However, changes in aircraft installation philosophy, coupled with the increasing use of modular avionics has meant that changes are required to maintain its effectiveness. This paper discusses how the test procedure has changed, experiences encountered with the technique, and future developments in testing