Evolution of the TiO2 membrane on ITO PET substrate applied to a lactate biosensor using a potentiometric differential readout circuit

A novel miniaturized lactate biosensor is proposed in this study. The structure includes miniaturized lactate biosensors, a reference electrode, and an instrumentation amplifier. The proposed device is simple and convenient to manufacture. The readout circuit adopts a potentiometric differential system. Moreover, the novel measurement system improves the drift effect and obtains a more linear curve in the lactate solution range between 0.6 mM and 5 mM. The corresponding lactate sensitivity is about 13.82 mV/mM.