Application of PHEV in load frequency problem of a hybrid microgrid

Microgrids are low voltage distribution networks comprising distributed generations (DGs), storage devices, Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and responsive loads that can operate either interconnected to the main grid or in an island mode. With the large penetration of distributed generation like Wind and large load variations there are issues of frequency stability of the microgrid. This paper develops load frequency control for a microgrid system with significant wind penetration and PHEVs. Particle swarm optimization is used to determine control parameters. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller and examine the role of PHEVs in frequency stabilization.