Highly accurate, automatic fault location based on traveling wave principles

Double ended traveling wave fault location has been used on transmission lines for the last decade for accurate and consistent location of permanent and intermittent line faults typically to the nearest tower or span. Choosing whether to monitor the current or voltage component of the wave is discussed and practical examples of sensors given that fit to protection CTs, capacitor PTs and transformer bushings. A variety of sensors means it is now possible to deploy the traveling wave technique on sub transmission networks as well as transmission, a significant advantage to Utilities.