Merging maser and cesium clocks in timescales

A variety of ways exist to combine clocks with different characteristics in a timescale. At the US Naval Observatory, for example, a process called dynamic weighting is used [1], which generates a timescale from a frequency scale that weighs recent maser data relatively higher than older maser data. A Kalman Filter could assign different phase, frequency, and frequency drift process noises to the different clock types [2]. In this paper we use an ensemble of cesium and maser clocks to construct a timescale that is based upon an average of masers that are detrended against a cesium-only frequency scale, and also one which is based upon an average of masers being steered to the cesium timescale.