Design and optimization of antenna arrays for 60 GHz hybrid smart antenna systems with consideration of inter-element electromagnetic interactions

The use of directive elements, element tilting, and beamforming with a subarray are proposed by the authors in [1-2] in order to reduce computational complexity and cost of smart antenna array systems. This approach is termed as the Hybrid Smart Antenna System as it combines advantages from both the adaptive and switched beam approaches. A genetic algorithm based array geometry optimization procedure that determines the element tilt angles to uniformly cover a given angular range by adaptive beamsteering for 60 GHz wireless applications is described in [3,4]. In this paper, additional considerations, namely the electromagnetic interactions between the array elements are considered and a more realistic implementation and optimization of the hybrid smart antenna technique is discussed.