Geographical location based hierarchical routing strategy for wireless sensor networks

The overall performance and thus the achievable efficiency of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) rely on the type of protocols deployed to support particular application in hand. In WSN, network´s lifetime depends upon the residual energy of individual nodes. In this paper; a brief survey comprises of various reported methodologies that make uses of geographical location attributes for routing in WSN is presented. To assist the routing algorithm on location aspect of the source and destination as well as other intermediate nodes; a location index is formulated based on binary encoded spatial frames. The merit of proposed spatial encoding scheme is its supportiveness on scalability aspects, so it can be easily tailored to accommodate hierarchy based network architectures. Further, the scheme incorporates an effective mechanism to select cluster heads for each cluster in such a way so as to avoid the localization of hot spot effects right from cluster level to network level.