Challenges in RF and Microwave Dielectric Measurement for Reliable Modelling

Accurate electromagnetic field modelling of heterogeneous dielectric geometries requires accurate complex permittivity data to be measured across the spectrum, together with magnetic parameters, where appropriate. For optimum accuracy a wide range of measurement techniques is required. Realistic measurement uncertainty estimates can provide useful inputs into the modelling process. Such measurements have always presented challenges at RF and microwave frequencies, but new material types: composites, metamaterials and negative refractive index materials are presenting new challenges. Measurements on ever smaller scales are also required as engineering embarks on projects at the micro and nanoscales