A Feedback Glucose Control Strategy for Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Type II diabetes mellitus is characterized by both insulin resistance and β-cell failure. Although patients with type II diabetes mellitus are not initially dependent on insulin, the introduction of insulin therapy becomes one of the most effective methods of attaining good glycemic control. In this work, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is implemented to maintain normoglycemia in a simulated Type II diabetic patient using a closed-loop insulin infusion pump. The simulation employs a compartment model, which represents the glucose regulatory system and includes submodels representing the absorption of subcutaneously administered short-acting insulin and gut absorption. The feedback control system returns blood glucose to normoglycemic ranges after a meal disturbance. The settling time is similar to that of a non-diabetic. These results demonstrate the potential use of control algorithms for regulation of blood glucose by insulin for Type II diabetic patients.