An empirical path loss model in the indoor stairwell at 2.6 GHz

A novel empirical path loss model for indoor stairwell environment is presented. The model is based on the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) measurements at 2.6 GHz. The model is divided into two scenarios, i.e., line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS). In the case of LOS, the path loss exponent n is dependent with the increasing of frequency slightly and is fitted by the frequency using power function. In the NLOS one, the path loss on different steps in the same part of the stairwell is similar, while it has an obvious increasing when the stairwell makes a turn. The statistical, frequency-dependent parameters (i.e, PL_step and PL_platform) are defined to describe to path loss characteristics.