Real-time monitoring of Distributed Generation through state estimation and geometrically-based tests

This paper presents a method for real time monitoring of multiple Distributed Generation (DG) sources connected to distribution networks. It is intended as an aiding tool to the system operator in the process of identifying those DG sources connected to the network which are in fact injecting power into the distribution system. Reliable estimates for the power outputs of active DG sources are also provided. The method relies on the application of state estimation at the distribution level and geometric tests to handle the multiple operational conditions that arise in dealing with multiple DG sources. Simulation results carried out with the IEEE 34-node test feeder and a real feeder of a Southern Brazil utility illustrate the application and features of the proposed method.