Physical oceanography from deep ocean submarine cable observations

Summary form only given. Some of the important discoveries in physical oceanography that have been based on data acquired at "observatories" far from the coasts will be reviewed, e.g., the interannual variability of Labrador sea water formulation inferred from ocean weather ship bravo data. These discoveries motivate the need for additional long duration physical oceanographic measurements in the deep ocean, as can be acquired from submarine cable observatories, and they provide guidance on the spatial and temporal sampling requirements needed to reach the next level of discoveries. Instrumentation developed in the last ten years, such as moored velocity and water property profilers, that can enhance the scientific return on investments in cabled observatories is also reviewed. Additional technological enhancements that would be highly desirable for observatory-based instrumentation for physical oceanography will be discussed.