A review of sensorless control in induction machines using hf injection, test vectors and PWM harmonics

This paper gives a review of sensorless methods developed for AC drives´ operation at very low and zero speed. The sensorless drives presented in this paper use reluctance spatial anisotropy to track the mechanical rotor position, allowing the use of vector control. To extract the position information additional test signals in form of active vector pulses or continuous high frequency signals are injected into the machine. This paper also presents a technique which does not make use of additional test signals, but only components resulting from the inverter PWM pattern. Practical results show that with all reviewed methods sensorless vector control at very low and zero speed is possible. However, disturbances (e.g. coming from the inverter or magnetic saturation) affect the position signal significantly and require appropriate compensation.