Transient waveform estimation of high-speed MCM networks using complex frequency hopping

The authors point out that moment-matching techniques that have been proposed for efficient transient waveform estimation of interconnect networks used in modeling MCMs can be inaccurate in high-speed systems by failing to detect some of the dominant high frequency network poles which lie far from the expansion point but near the imaginary axis in the frequency plane. Here, an approach for generating, with an accuracy check, all the dominant poles within the frequency range of interest using complex frequency hopping (CFH) is presented. The method, based on a binary search strategy, uses multiport complex moment-matching in the frequency s plane. CFH allows for the efficient analysis of large networks which include lossy, coupled transmission lines and nonlinear terminations, with estimated waveforms converging to simulation accuracy. Several examples which demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed technique are presented