Wave propagation in a vegetated residential area using the distorted born approximation and the Fresnel-Kirchhoff approximation

A theoretical model is proposed to include the incoherent fields along with the coherent fields to compute the excess loss in a vegetated residential environment, with particular application to mobile radio systems. Physical optics is used to evaluate the diffracting fields at the receiver level by using multiple Kirchhoff-Huygens integration for each half-screen combination. The fields at the aperture of each half-screen depend on the mean field passing through a tree and the incoherent fields produced by the tree canopy. The mean field in the tree canopy is found by using the multiple scattering theory of Foldy-Lax. The incoherent field produced by the tree canopy is found by using the distorted Born approximation.