Reconfigurable Number Theoretic Transform architectures for cryptographic applications

As an important component of Spectral Modular Arithmetic (SMA) cryptographic co-processor, the efficient architectures of Number Theoretic Transforms (NTTs) on FPGA are discussed in this paper. We analyze characteristics of the NTTs for cryptographic applications, compare different arithmetic approaches, introduce an optimized solution for FPGA implementation, and developed several different architectures. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are provided to show the effectiveness of our proposed architectures.