Demand response and energy storage in MV islanded microgrids for high penetration of renewables

Demand response (DR) and energy storage (ES) have the potential to support high levels of renewable energy (RE) penetration than currently possible, by providing such flexibility in power system operations. This paper presents optimal energy management in islanded microgrids using DR mechanisms and ES system, for enabling secure microgrids with high penetration of renewables. The potential for achieving higher penetration in islanded microgrids is also investigated. A mathematical model is developed for the islanded mode operation of a microgrid. The optimization is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem, which is solved using the CPLEX solver in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) platform. A case study is carried out to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed model. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the coordinated operation of ES with DR on operational costs, and RE penetration levels.