Analysis of the KK-distribution with X-band medium grazing angle sea-clutter

Robust maritime surveillance with radar requires an accurate description of the backscatter from the sea. An estimated probability distribution of the backscatter is commonly used to determine the threshold for separating targets from clutter at a given false alarm rate. Data collected at medium to high grazing angles by the Defence Science Technology Organisation (DSTO) Ingara fully polarimetric X-band radar demonstrates that the commonly used K-distribution is not always adequate for modelling the probability distribution. This is especially the case for the horizontal polarisation and in regions of high backscatter where target detection can be a problem. An alternative proposed as a more accurate model in this region is known as the KK-distribution. The analysis presented in this paper describes this model with the addition of multiple looks and a thermal noise component to produce greater accuracy in the mean and underlying shape. The threshold required to achieve a constant false alarm rate is then studied and compared with that derived from the K-distribution model.