A finite element formulation of the Darwin electromagnetic PIC model for unstructured meshes of triangles

Summary form only given, as follows. The Darwin model for electromagnetic simulation is a reduced form of the Maxwell-Vlasov system that retains all essential physical processes except the propagation of light waves. It is useful in modeling systems for which the light-transit time scales are less important than Alfven wave propagation or quasistatic effects. The Darwin model is elliptic rather than hyperbolic, as is the full set of Maxwell´s equations. Appropriate boundary conditions must be chosen for the problems to be well-posed. Using finite element techniques to apply this method to unstructured triangular meshes, a mesh made up of unstructured triangles allows realistic device geometries to be modeled without the necessity of using a large number of mesh points. Analyzing the dispersion relation makes it possible to validate the code as well as the Darwin approximation.