Numerical analyses of all-optical gate switches using cascaded second-order nonlinear effect in periodically poled lithium niobate devices: Effects of device fabrication errors

We numerically calculate the switching performance of all-optical ultra-fast gate switches employing the cascade of second harmonic generation and difference frequency mixing in periodically poled lithium niobate devices. In the analyses, the device fabrication errors are considered. We show that the domain length error decreases the switching efficiency significantly.