Parallel algorithms and architectures for CPUs and dedicated processors: development and trends

Parallel algorithms are usually intended as those related to problems to be run on supercomputers characterized by a large number of processors interacting via a communication network. Parallel algorithms and architectures are relevant also at a lower levels. Of particular interest is the CPU level where elementary arithmetic (and higher order) operations are executed. It might be surprising to notice that even today those algorithms and architectures are still under active investigation due to their importance in all computing mechanisms. A brief historical survey will be given also in order to highlight trends of development. At a higher level, the implementation of specific parallel algorithms (in particular for signal and image processing) are becoming necessary. In an increasing number of applications. Some cases will be considered (various transforms, a calorimeter for high-energy particle physics in future supercollider at CERN, a frequency band compressor for TV signals (MPEG)), pointing out that often their efficient design is still a bottleneck requiring a considerable research effort. Issues such as CAD systems and related languages, defect and fault tolerance, testability and hardware/software co-design are finally discussed