A 6.5 GHz Arbitrary Digital Waveform Generator

An Arbitrary Digital Waveform Generator is presented, capable of producing any 32-bit or shorter output sequence on the input clock half-period timing grid. An extension module allows additional outputs with time-shifted versions of the first output. The modular concept is demonstrated driving a passive 25% duty-cycle mixer. The packaged prototype, fabricated in 65-nm baseline CMOS, achieves calibration-free operation up to an unprecedented input clock speed of 6.5 GHz, consumes 12 mA with a single differential output and 18 mA as multiphase mixer driver, both from 1.2 V supplies. The combined chip area, including all required logic, is 0.023 mm².