Empirical Formulas for the Impedance and Effective Dielectric Constant of Covered Microstrip for Use in the Computer-Aided Design of Microwave Integrated Circuits

Highly accurate and computationally efficient equations are presented for the characteristic impedance and the effective dielectric constant of both single and coupled microstrip with a top cover at a non-infinite distance above the substrate. Comparison is made with the results of Bryant and Weiss [1]. For both single and coupled micros trip, the effects of dispersion and finite conductor thickness are included in the algorithms.