Analysis of the direct position determination approach in the presence of model errors

The direct position determination (DPD) approach was recently introduced as a powerful technique for localization of multiple radio frequency emitters. DPD was shown to outperform the conventional location methods under low SNR conditions. In this correspondence we further analyze the performance of DPD in the presence of model errors caused by phenomena such as multipath, calibration errors, mutual coupling, etc. Monte-Carlo simulations verify the analysis and provide a comparison with other methods.