Notice of RetractionIn situ bioremediation of polluted raw water for tap water supply by submerged biofilm process using different artificial media

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

Dissolved organic matters in organic-polluted raw water and their potential to from disinfection by-products during drinking water treatment raise great challenges to the traditional water treatment process. Although many pre-treatment and post-treatment methods have been widely studied to improve the water quality of tap water, these methods are more or less constrained by the public finance or the available land area. In situ bioremediation of polluted raw water based on the biological degradation function of enriched microbes on artificial media is a low-cost technique and has the unique advantage of occupying no land area. In present study, we focused on the performance of two different artificial mediums used for bioremediation and the effect of light on the performance was especially investigated. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was separated into fractions of defined molecular size, using an ultra-filtration technique that yielded four fractions: 100 kilodalton (kDa) - 0.45 μm, 10 - 100 kDa, 1 - 10 kDa and <; 1 kDa. The sunlight has negative effect on the performance of assembly medium whereas has little effect on the performance of elastic medium in terms of the removal of permanganate index and DOC. The removal of organic matters with aromatic structures was not affected by sunlight. The assembly medium is conducive to the reduction of DOC with high molecular size (greater than 1 kDa) while the elastic medium facilitates the decrease of DOC with low molecular size (less than 10 kDa). In additi- n, this pattern was not influenced by sunlight. With respect to the decrease of disinfection by-products formation potential, the assembly medium performed better than the elastic medium. Moreover, the sunlight seemed to be able to enhance the removal of disinfection by-products formation potential, especially for the haloacetic acid formation potential.