HF skywave FMCW OTH-B systems expected emitter footprint

This paper begins with the introduction of the best known over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) systems around the world. A model of the maximum detection range for a high frequency (HF) frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) over-the-horizon backscatter (OTH-B) radar is reported. The maximum interception range for a narrowband intercept receiver is also quantified as a function of the minimum required input signal-to-noise ratio. A mathematical model of the ionosphere, PROPLAB, is also used to present a more detailed analysis of the expected performance including the electron density profile, the maximum usable frequency, the skip zone prediction, and the footprint coverage for angles from 0 to 20 degrees. As an example, the simulations focused on the Chinese OTH-B radar system to investigate the expected surveillance capabilities.