The effect of time-delayed measurements on a PMU-based state estimator

The complete integration of the Synchronized Measurement Technology (SMT) in the power systems will bring about fundamental changes to the applications of the control center. One of the natural applications of the SMT is the state estimation. Although the state estimator is used for monitoring the steady state operating condition, it is envisioned that in the near future, a PMU-based state estimator will be able to monitor the dynamic behavior of the power system states. In such an application, the transfer delay of the PMU measurements should not be ignored. In this work, the effect of the PMU measurements transfer delay on the accuracy of a PMU-based state estimator is examined. Further, the optimal waiting time of the Phasor Data Concentrators (for sending information to the control center), and the time execution of a PMU-based state estimator for capturing accurately the state transients during fault conditions are also examined.