Notice of RetractionRemoval of nitrate and refractory organics simultaneous using combined heterotrophic/autotrophic denitrification

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

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In order to develop an in-situ and cost effective prevention method for mixed pollution water caused by refractory organics and inorganic nitrogen, the combining heterotrophic denitrification (HD) with autotrophic denitrification (AD) to remove NO₃^--N and aniline simultaneously was investigated in simulated indoor dynamic soil column system designed on permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology. Results showed that removing NO₃^--N and aniline were dramatically enhanced for average 60-day removal rate 98.1% and 99.2% respectively, owing to significantly synergetic effect of HD and AD. In the first stage (20~25 days), the removing depended mainly on HD, which also dominated in the reactor, subsequently, HD and AD processes were co-exist, and in the last stage (after 40~45days), the AD contribution to removing increased result in removal efficiency increasing as well. NH₄⁺-N and NO₂^--N accumulated not obviously, and there might be anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX). Generally, this study implies that HAD is a potential in-situ remediation approach for complex polluted water.