A Distributed Area-Based Guiding Navigation Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the major applications of wireless sensor networks is guiding navigation service whose goal is to find a way to guide moving objects across a hazardous region covered by sensors. Sensor networks maintain safe paths by which the moving objects can be guided safely to exits. In this paper, we propose a distributed guiding navigation protocol for constructing area-to-area optimal guiding paths that do not traverse through the hazardous areas and to guide the moving objects to escape from this area safely and quickly. Our protocol also allows multiple exits and multiple emergency events in the sensor networks. Moreover, we propose a load-dispersion algorithm including an additional AP layer for moving objects registration and path assignment in multi-exits scenario. Hence, the moving objects can be properly dispersed to multiple paths leading to multiple exits to avoid congestion in the same exit. Simulation results show that our protocol can guide moving objects along shorter paths to reach nearest exits and operate in different scenarios or environments.